Huge 2ndC Roman bronze coin sent for ID

18.15g,30.65mm

You seem to have "lucked out" a bit with this one.  It's Trajan (96-117 AD) and the bust style is appropriate for the later part of his reign.  There's not very much of the reverse type visible, but here, as I said, you're in luck.  This appears to be an example of the PROVIDENTIA AVGVSTII (SPQR S - C) type.  It's the parallel lines in both the vertical & horizontal planes clearly indicating that there is a short pillar or column to the right of the somewhat slouching figure.  On a later type, this would probably be Securitas leaning against the column, but at the time of Trajan's reign, Securitas or the personification of national security was not so much of an issue as it would become in a century or so when Securitas would replace Providentia (the personification of the forethought of the emperor in providing - well, whatever was provided at an Imperial level) in the same posture of ease.
Providentia here is leaning at her ease on the short pillar on the right, and with a wand held in the right hand, leisurely points in the direction of a large globe - most likely the Orbis Terrarum - (the outline of which is barely visble in the photo) at her feet, and with left hand holds and rests upon a long scepter.

This type dates to 116 AD.

Mark

50 BC Celtic gold full stater - Gallo Belgic

16.49mm, 6.05g

1899 Col Baden Powell hero of Mafeking medallion - issued by W.H.O Wills Capstan Navy cut cigarettes

Lord Robert Baden-Powell of Gilwell (1857-1941) was a decorated soldier, talented artist, actor and free-thinker. Best known during his military career for his spirited defense of the small South African township of Mafeking during the Boer War, he was soon to be propelled to extraordinary fame as the Founder of Scouting.

Bovril token - 50 times more meat extract - Nourishing

Guaranteed product of prime beef

1427-30 Henry VI hammered silver penny - initial cross IIIb - mascle & rosette obverse stops

Obv HENRICVS REX ANGLE

Rev VIL/LA/CAL/ISIE with mascle and satire stops - Calais mint

Mid 4thC Roman coin sent for ID

This one I can tell where it was minted with a lot more certainty than I can tell you who is on the obverse and what the exact reverse type is.

- The exergual mintmark is quite clearly that of Aquilea - S]MAQ[S -
- The overall appearance is that of the early Valentinian Dynasty, c. 364-378 AD. and I am guessing by the apparent length of the obverse legend that it is more likely to be Valens (364-378) than either Valentinian I (364-375) or Gratian (367-383) - however, I can't be sure at this point who, exactly, it may be.
- The reverse type shows Victory walking to the left (presumably holding a wreath and palm) and could have either SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE or FELICITAS ROMANORVM (very much less common than the Securitas legend) for its legend.

Sorry I can't be more specific than this, but the legend fragment on the obverse is just too illegible and the reverse legend virtually does not exist.

Mark

4thC Barbarious radiate Roman coin sent for ID

This is a fairly well-preserved specimen of contemporary radiate copy.  You say "little" and so I assume that it's small enough that even aside from the crudeness of the workmanship, there can be no rational question of it was ever having been intended to fool anyone into thinking it was an official-issue Roman piece - in other words, deception was never the intention of the makers of this piece.

This is an important concept to understand with these pieces - they are by no means what we'd call "counterfeits" - they're more of an emergency currency issued to take the place of official coin which has disappeared from circulation due to hoarding, export, or the small but steady and inevitable attrition of pieces lost and not recovered (until now). The Imperial coin is no longer being regularly replaced due, generally, to a vacuum, whether temporary or permanent, of the centralized power which issues and distributes official coin - generally through the pay of soldiers and the purchase of foodstuffs and other army supplies through the local economy as its main mechanism.

These so-called "barbarous" radiates were, at one time, thought to belong to the period after the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain and northern Gaul in the 5th century, but it is becoming clear as more hoards are found and analyzed that they are virtually contemporaneous with the prototypes they emulate.  The withdrawal of Italian Roman authority during the mid 3rd century and the time of the Gallic Roman Empire was both the time-frame and the reason for the existence of these pieces.  The Gallic Roman Empire evidently only sporadically refreshed the local supplies of coin, since official Gallic and unofficial radiates are often found mixed together in hoards.

The exact place they had and role they played in the economic life of the area is not clear.  Perhaps they circulated at par with the official (but token, due to base-metal fabric) coinage, or perhaps at a discount.  They may have served as something analagous to modern "plantation tokens" which were used mainly in small, closed, internal economic systems like those seen in large farms/villas or latufundia.  I'm not certain to what degree the large-scale industrial agriculture model penetrated into Roman Britain, but that is a possible origin with the large Roman estate becoming somewhat of a template for the later, insular feudal units of organization.  There is also the possibility that these coins were issued as military scrip (meant to be exchanged at some later date for official coin) to troops on the borders in order that a catastrophic military loss would not also mean a huge capture of "real" wealth by the enemy.

I'm not completely certain what the reverse type was supposed to emulate.  Although the obverse is fairly typical of the Victorinus/Tetricus "bearded radiate bust" types, the reverse type doesn't immediately "resolve" adequately into a stylized or abstract copy of any of the normal types like Pax, Victory/Comes or Spes. It is possible, even likely, that it is intended to be a Pax type with Pax facing left holding a long scepter in her left hand - the anticipated olive-branch in the right hand, however, is not visible here, so I can't be certain. 

An assortment of unofficial pieces found in Britain and Northern Europe can be seen grouped together here: http://www.stoa.org/gallery/album476  you may draw your own conclusions as to which of these types this piece most closely resembles.  Or you can look at the official types of the era here: http://www.stoa.org/gallery/album110 to try to see what it may have been intended to emulate.

Mark 

Sent to Mark Lehman for ID

This of course is the "Gaius & Lucius Denarius" of Augustus.  One of the most common pieces surviving from the 1st century, there are many who feel this piece actually was more likely to have been the so-called Tribute Penny (if, in fact, the episode in the Gospel of Matthew ever took place) than the Tiberius Denarius usually marketed as the "Tribute Penny".
Gaius and Lucius were Augustus grandsons by Agrippa and Julia - he had great hopes for them to succeed him, but both died young - poisoned as a result of family intrigues if you subscribe to the "I Claudius" plotline for the early Julio-Claudian era. 
The reverse shows, of course, Gaius and Lucius standing facing with a pile of arms on the ground between them and the jug and lituus - priestly implementia -  between their heads.  The reverse legend - C L CAESARES / AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT - names them Princes of Youth and consuls designate.

These were produced at the mint of Lugdunum (modern Lyon) 2-4 AD. RIC 207, RSC 43, SR 1597.

Mark

This is a major fragment of a silver Antoninianus (2 denarii) of, I believe, Philip I (244-249 AD) I can't quite figure out exactly what's happening on the reverse, but it seems like it may be a presentation scene with a deity or personification presenting a wreath or a Victory figure to the Emperor.

Mark

19.75g,31.52 mm

This is a Sestertius (4 Asses) of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD) the reverse shows Salus, the personification of health (in the sense of wholeness or the health of the Empire as an entity) feeding a snake rising from the altar before her.  This is a fairly common reverse type which recurs throughout the 1st-3rd centuries.

Mark

15.26g, 33.58mm

A quick answer now and I'll get back to it in a while for a more detailed answer.  At this size it would be a Sestertius, I don't immediately recognize the portrait, but I will get back to it later today.

Mark

16thC Tudor gold on silver jewelry item - reported as treasure to museum.

7.74g, 33.57mm L

Stunning 17th/18thC enamelled solid gold button - reported as potential treasure to museum

2.78g,15.26mm

More finds on 2012 Feb Finds II page